Also, CCD112 CoN-TrkC cell had increased motility relative to control CCD112 CoN cells but there was no change in TrkC-induced cell motility after treatment with NT-3 (Supplementary Figure 6A). More generally, a variety of cell-surface receptors that are configured much like the EGFR receptor have been found in human tumors to be overexpressed and autophosphorylation by their overexpression is linked to marked aggressiveness and poor prognosis [25, 26]. expression promoted the acquisition of motility and invasiveness in CRC. Moreover, TrkC increased the ability to form tumor spheroids, a property associated with cancer stem cells. Importantly, knockdown of TrkC in malignant mouse or human CRC cells inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Furthermore, TrkC enhanced metastatic potential and induced proliferation by aberrant gain of AKT activation and suppression of transforming growth factor (TGF)- signalling. Interestingly, TrkC not only modulated the actions of TGF- type II receptor, but also attenuated expression of this receptor. These findings reveal an unexpected physiological role of TrkC in the pathogenesis of CRC. Therefore, TrkC is usually a potential target for designing effective therapeutic strategies for CRC development. analysis of TrkC expression using a large clinical study from Oncomine. Interestingly, TrkC expression was strongly correlated with the signature derived from CRC patients through analysis of TrkC and Piperazine citrate NT-3 expression using several publicly available datasets and patient clinical data. TrkC and NT-3 expression in “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE20916″,”term_id”:”20916″GSE20916 [15] was markedly upregulated in CRC tissues of patients relative to normal tissue samples (Physique ?(Figure1A).1A). In addition, TrkC expression in the “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE28722″,”term_id”:”28722″GSE28722 [16] and TCGA [17, 18] datasets was significantly upregulated in other stages (III, IV) than in stage I of CRC; however, NT-3 expression did not significantly Piperazine citrate differ from between CRC stages (Physique ?(Physique1B1B and Supplementary Physique 1A). Moreover, NT-3/TrkC expression did not significantly differ from CRC stages (Supplementary Physique 1B). Furthermore, we found an indirect correlation between NT-3 expression and TrkC expression through correlation analysis in the “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE20916″,”term_id”:”20916″GSE20916, “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE28722″,”term_id”:”28722″GSE28722 and TCGA datasets (Supplementary Physique 1C). Our findings are in contrast to a previous study, which exhibited that Piperazine citrate TrkC and NT-3 expression was significantly lower in CRC than in normal colon via tumor-associated promoter methylation and TrkC expression was significantly correlated with NT-3 expression [12, 13]. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Correlation of TrkC with CRC pathogenesis and patient survival(A) Box-and-whisker (Tukey) plots of the mean expression of TrkC and NT-3 in CRC patients. TrkC and NT-3 levels were extracted from the Skrzypczak microarray dataset (“type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE20916″,”term_id”:”20916″GSE20916) and averaged in each tumor. Points below and above the whiskers are drawn as individual dots. < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance in ANOVA. (B) TrkC expression is usually correlated Mouse monoclonal to FGB with the stages of CRC. Mean expression of TrkC and NT-3, obtained through RNA-sequence analysis of 629 CRC patients in the TCGA dataset, were plotted as box plots according to the tumor stages. TrkC and NT-3 levels were extracted from the dataset and averaged in each tumor. Points Piperazine citrate below and above the whiskers are drawn as individual dots. < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance in ANOVA. NS, not significant. (C) TrkC expression is usually correlated with recurrence in CRC patients, but NT-3 expression is not. Mean expression of TrkC and NT-3, obtained by RNA-sequence analysis of 629 CRC patients in the TCGA dataset, was plotted as box plots according to the disease-free status of CRC patients. TrkC and NT-3 levels were extracted from the dataset and averaged in each tumor. Points below and above the whiskers are drawn as individual dots. The Student's t-test was performed to assess statistical significance (*< 0.05). (D) Mean methylated TrkC expression, obtained by analysis of the Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip array (HM450) of 331 CRC patients in the TCGA dataset, was plotted as box plots. TrkC levels were extracted from the dataset and averaged in each tumor. Points below and above the whiskers are drawn as individual dots. < 0.05 was determined by the Student's t-test. NS, not significant. (E, F) In total, 629 CRC patients from the TCGA dataset were divided into high and low TrkC or NT-3 expressers, and overall (E) and recurrence-free (F) survival were compared. values correspond to the log-rank test comparing the survival curves. Based on these observations, we next examined whether TrkC expression was associated with CRC recurrence. Interestingly, analysis of 313 CRC patients in the TCGA dataset showed that TrkC.