The selective 2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine acts as an analgesic, sedative, and anesthetic adjuvant. was performed for the dedication of Ki-67 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Dexmedetomidine ameliorated sleep deprivation-induced deterioration of short-term memory and spatial learning ability. Dexmedetomidine inhibited production of inflammatory mediators caused by sleep deprivation. Dexmedetomidine also prevented the decrease in BDNF, TrkB expression, and cell proliferation induced by sleep deprivation. Dexmedetomidine could be used to counteract the neuropathological effects of sleep deprivation. represents the mean area of the granular cell layer, the mean thickness of the microtome section (40?m), and is the total number of sections in the reference volume. The optical densities of GFAP immunoreactive fibres were assessed on 100??100?m2 images in the hippocampal dentate gyrus using a graphic analyzer (Multiscan, Fullerton, CA, USA). The GFAP-positive fibers densities were computed the following: optical thickness from the lesion aspect/optical density from the unchanged aspect. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of Duncans and variance post-hoc test using SPSS software (ver. 23, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA), as well as the beliefs were expressed simply because mean??standard mistake (SEM). worth < 0.05 Rosmarinic acid was considered to indicate a significant difference statistically. Results Aftereffect of dexmedetomidine on short-term storage The efficiency of dexmedetomidine focus in the step-down avoidance job is proven in Body 3A. Sleep-deprived mice demonstrated a shorter latency period in comparison to mice in the control group (P?Slco2a1 (P?P?n?=?8). (a) Control group, (b) rest deprivation group, (c) rest deprivation and 5?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group, (d) rest deprivation and 10?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group, (e) rest deprivation and 20?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group. B: Evaluation of aftereffect of dexmedetomedine antagonist on short-term storage (n?=?8). (f) Control group, (g) rest deprivation group, (h) rest deprivation 250?g/kg atipamezole-treated group, (we) rest deprivation and 20?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group, (j) rest deprivation and 250?g/kg atipamezole-treated with 20?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group. * represents P?P?P?P?P?P?P?Rosmarinic acid an increased swimming velocity and longer duration of occupancy in the target zone compared to that in all other groups (P?n?=?8). (a) Control group, (b) Sleep deprivation (SD)-induced group, (c) SD-induced and 5?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group, (d) SD-induced and 10?g/kg dexmedetomidine-treated group, (e).